能量负平衡对围产期奶牛的影响及调控措施

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.23.06.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 围产期是奶牛的特殊生理时期,经历妊娠、产犊、泌乳、采食量和饲养环境剧烈变化,容易引起奶牛能量负平衡,同时也是酮病、真胃移位、胎衣不下等多种代谢性疾病高发期,对后续生产和繁殖性能产生难以逆转的影响。本文综述了奶牛能量负平衡的原因、影响和改善措施,旨在为围产期奶牛健康养殖提供理论依据及技术参考。采食量下降和营养不足是产生能量负平衡的主要原因,导致奶牛泌乳性能、繁殖性能和免疫力下降。为解决这些问题,应采取合理的营养和管理调控措施,如根据奶牛围产期前后对饲料能量的不同需求,在保证日粮组成原料不变的情况下改变日粮的营养成分,同时根据奶牛不同时期的生理特点调整饲养管理方案,从而改善能量负平衡。

关键词: 奶牛, 围产期, 能量负平衡

Abstract: The perinatal period is a special physiological period for dairy cows.During this period,the dairy cows undergo physiological and environmental changes such as pregnancy,calving,and lactation,as well as changes in dietary intake and feeding environment,and are extremely prone to negative energy balance.It is a period of high incidence of various metabolic disorders such as ketosis,eugastric translocation,and retained placenta,with irreversible effects on subsequent production and reproductive performance.This paper reviewed the causes,effects and measures to improve the negative energy balance of dairy cows,with the aim of providing theoretical and technical references for healthy periparturient dairy farming.Reduced feed intake and nutritional deficiencies are the main causes of negative energy balance,resulting in reduced lactation performance,reproductive performance and immunity in cows.To solve these problems,reasonable nutritional and management control measures should be taken,such as changing the nutritional composition of the diet while ensuring that the composition of the diet remains unchanged,and adjusting feeding management programmes according to the physiological characteristics of cows at different times,in order to improve negative energy balance,according to the different energy requirements of cows before and after the perinatal period.

Key words: dairy cow, perinatal period, negative energy balance

牟湘钰, 郭勇庆. 能量负平衡对围产期奶牛的影响及调控措施[J]. 中国乳业, 2023, 0(6): 36-43.

MU Xiangyu, GUO Yongqing. Effects of Negative Energy Balance on Perinatal Dairy Cows and Its Control Measures[J]. China Dairy, 2023, 0(6): 36-43.

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