中国乳业 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (7): 12-17.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.25.07.03

• 奶牛繁殖健康管理专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

奶牛早期胚胎损失与预防措施

谷粟琨1, 王振成2, 李志佳1, 赵善江3, 朱化彬3, 赵慧秋1,*   

  1. 1 河北省畜牧总站,河北石家庄 050035;
    2 利津县现代畜牧业发展服务中心,山东东营 257400;
    3 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
  • 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
  • 通讯作者: *赵慧秋（1974-）,女,河北武安人,硕士,研究员,研究方向为奶牛繁育与饲养管理。
  • 作者简介:谷粟琨（1980-）,女,河北宁晋人,本科,正高级兽医师,研究方向为奶牛疾病与牧场智慧化建设;王振成（1983-）,男,山东利津人,本科,畜牧师,研究方向畜牧兽医;李志佳（1984-）,男,河北深泽人,硕士,高级兽医师,研究方向为奶牛繁育与智慧化建设;赵善江（1991-）,男,山东临沂人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖;朱化彬（1965-）,男,安徽蚌埠人,博士,研究员,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（HBCT2024230203）

Early Embryonic Loss in Dairy Cows and Preventive Measures

GU Sukun1, WANG Zhencheng2, LI Zhijia1, ZHAO Shanjiang3, ZHU Huabin3, ZHAO Huiqiu1,*   

  1. 1 Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050035;
    2 Modern Animal Husbandry Development Service Center of Lijin County,Dongying Shandong 257400;
    3 Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193
  • Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

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摘要： 奶牛早期胚胎损失是影响繁殖效率的关键因素,主要发生在受精后42 d内,损失率高达40%~60%。本文系统阐述了早期胚胎损失的定义、发生规律及影响因素,包括胚胎自身质量、母体生理状态和环境管理等。胚胎损失与遗传缺陷、配子质量、内分泌失调、疾病和热应激等密切相关。针对这些因素,本文提出了综合预防措施,如优化种源选择、强化营养管理、疾病防控和繁殖技术干预等。通过科学管理,可有效降低早期胚胎损失率,提升奶牛养殖的经济效益。

关键词: 奶牛, 早期胚胎损失, 繁殖效率, 影响因素, 预防措施

Abstract: Early embryonic loss in dairy cows is a key factor affecting reproductive efficiency,primarily occurring within 42 days after fertilization,with a loss rate as high as 40%~60%. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition,occurrence patterns,and influencing factors of early embryonic loss,including embryo quality,maternal physiological status,and environmental management. Embryonic loss is closely associated with genetic defects,gamete quality,endocrine disorders,diseases,and heat stress. In response to these factors,this paper proposed comprehensive preventive measures,such as optimizing genetic selection,strengthening nutritional management,disease prevention and control,and reproductive technology interventions. Through scientific management,the rate of early embryonic loss can be effectively reduced,thereby improving the economic efficiency of dairy farming.

Key words: dairy cows, early embryonic loss, reproductive efficiency, influencing factors, preventive measures

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