奶牛发情期间生产性能、乳汁成分性状和生殖激素的变化

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.07.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]探究奶牛发情期间生产性能、乳汁成分性状和生殖激素的变化。[方法]选取36 头健康的荷斯坦牛,分别记录其发情前期、发情期和发情后期的产奶量、体温、乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖和体细胞数量的变化,同时记录其孕酮、雌二醇和催乳素的变化。[结果]在奶牛的发情期,产奶量下降、乳脂肪和总固形物含量增加,孕酮降低,雌二醇和催乳素增加。[结论]奶牛发情期的生产性能和乳汁成分性状发生显著变化,其中产奶量下降和乳脂肪、总固形物含量增加,表明奶牛的生理状态在发情期间具有显著波动。此外,生殖激素的变化与这些生产性能的变化密切相关,为进一步优化奶牛的管理措施提供依据。

关键词: 发情期, 奶牛, 激素, 产奶量

Abstract: [Objective] This study investigated changes in milk production performance, milk composition traits, and reproductive hormones during estrus in dairy cows. [Method] Thirty-six healthy Holstein cows were selected. Milk yield, body temperature, milk fat, milk protein, lactose, and somatic cell count were recorded during the proestrus, estrus, and metestrus stages. Concurrently, changes in progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin levels were recorded. [Result] During the estrus phase, milk yield decreased, while milk fat and total solids content increased. Progesterone levels decreased, whereas estradiol and prolactin levels increased. [Conclusion] Significant changes in milk production performance and milk composition traits occurred during estrus, particularly the decreased milk yield and increased milk fat and total solids content. These findings indicated significant physiological fluctuations in cows during estrus. Furthermore, the changes in reproductive hormones were closely associated with these alterations in production performance, providing a basis for further optimization of dairy cow management practices.

Key words: estrus, dairy cow, hormone, milk yield

刘利祥. 奶牛发情期间生产性能、乳汁成分性状和生殖激素的变化[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(7): 110-114.

LIU Lixiang. The Changes in Production Performance,Milk Composition Traits,and Reproductive Hormones of Dairy Cows during Estrus[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(7): 110-114.

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