乳制品中沙门氏菌检测技术现状及未来发展方向探究

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.09.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乳制品安全关乎公众健康,沙门氏菌作为其中常见的食源性致病菌,对其进行准确、快速检测至关重要。本文系统剖析现行四大检测体系：基于《GB 4789.4— 2024食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》的检测法虽具“金标准”地位,但存在3~7 天的检测周期瓶颈;分子检测法涵盖常规PCR、衍生PCR及新型CRISPR/Cas系统等,最低检出限可达到1.00 CFU/mL,但面临活/死细菌干扰难题;免疫学检测法包括ELISA与侧流层析试纸条等,最低检出限可达到1.04×10² CFU/mL,但乳制品中存在多种物质影响;生物传感器整合纳米材料与适配体技术,实现最低5.00 CFU/mL的检出限,其微型化特性适用于现场检测。当前沙门氏菌检测技术各有优劣,单一技术存在局限,而多模态联用技术可克服短板,结合前沿科技,有望为沙门氏菌检测带来变革,提升公共卫生安全保障。

关键词: 沙门氏菌, 国标法, 分子检测法, 免疫学检测法, 传感器检测法

Abstract: The safety of dairy products is crucial to public health.As a common foodborne pathogen in dairy products,the accurate and rapid detection of Salmonella is of vital importance.This review systematically analyzed the current four major testing systems：Although the detection method based on GB 4789.4-2024 National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological testing of food - Salmonella Testing holds the status of a “gold standard”,it has a bottleneck in the testing cycle of 3 to 7 days.Molecular detection methods include conventiona PCR,derived PCR and novel CRISPR/Cas systems. The minimum detection limit can reach 1.00 CFU/mL,but struggle with the problem of interference from live/dead bacteria. Immunoassays include ELISA and lateral flow strips. The minimum detection limit can reach 1.04×10² CFU/mL, but there is matrix interference from various substances in dairy products.Biosensors integrate nanomaterials and aptamers to achieve a minimum detection limit of 5.00 CFU/mL. Its portability makes it suitable for on-site use.Current Salmonella detection technologies have its own advantages and disadvantages. A single technology shows limitations,but multimodal combined technology can overcome these shortcomings. By integrating cutting-edge technologies, it is expected to bring about a revolution in Salmonella detection and enhance public health protection.

Key words: Salmonella, national standard method, molecular detection method, immunological detection method, sensor detection method

宫靖昊, 徐佳薇, 刘灵帆, 于玺, 薛瑞奇, 侯璇, 张业尼. 乳制品中沙门氏菌检测技术现状及未来发展方向探究[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 108-117.

GONG Jinghao, XU Jiawei, LIU Lingfan, Yu Xi, XUE Ruiqi, HOU Xuan, ZHANG Yeni. Exploration of the Current Situation and Future Development Directions of Salmonella Detection Technologies in Dairy Products[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(9): 108-117.

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