国内外奶牛抗炎镇痛管理研究进展与实践应用

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.09.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文系统综述了2015—2025年间国内外在奶牛抗炎镇痛管理领域的研究进展与实践应用。从奶牛常见炎症（如乳房炎、子宫炎、产后炎症、犊牛炎症）的识别方法入手,详细阐述了疼痛的主观与客观评估体系,包括行为观察、生理指标检测及新兴技术如红外热成像、P物质检测等的应用。在管理策略方面,重点介绍了非甾体抗炎药物（NSAID）、局部麻醉、中草药疗法、物理治疗及多模式镇痛等方法的实际应用与效果;还分析了抗炎镇痛措施对奶牛生产性能（产奶量、乳成分、繁殖性能、淘汰率等）的积极影响,并探讨了当前推广过程中面临的经济成本、认知缺口与政策限制等挑战;提出未来应加强疼痛教育、优化政策支持、推动标准化管理,以实现奶牛健康、福利与经济效益的协同提升。

关键词: 奶牛, 炎症, 疼痛管理, 非甾体抗炎药物（NSAID）, 多模式镇痛, 动物福利, 生产性能, 评估方法

Abstract: This paper systematically reviewed the research progress and practical application of anti-inflammatory and analgesic management in dairy cattle both domestically and internationally from 2015 to 2025. Starting with the identification methods of common inflammatory conditions in dairy cows (such as mastitis, metritis, postpartum inflammation, and calf inflammation), it elaborated on subjective and objective pain assessment systems, including behavioral observation, physiological indicator detection, and the application of emerging technologies such as infrared thermography and substance P detection. In terms of management strategies, the practical application and effectiveness of methods such as NSAIDs, local anesthesia, herbal medicine therapy, physical therapy, and multimodal analgesia are highlighted. The positive impacts of anti-inflammatory and analgesic measures on dairy cow production performance (milk yield, milk composition, reproductive performance, culling rate, etc.) are analyzed. Additionally, challenges in current promotion efforts—such as economic costs, cognitive gaps, and policy limitations—are discussed. The paper proposed that future efforts should strengthen pain education, optimize policy support, and promote standardized management to achieve synergistic improvements in dairy cow health, welfare, and economic benefits.

Key words: dairy cattle, inflammation, pain management, NSAID, multimodal analgesia, animal welfare, production performance, assessment methods

孔令博, 张建康, 何微, 杨旭, 王晶, 聂迎利. 国内外奶牛抗炎镇痛管理研究进展与实践应用[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 97-107.

KONG Lingbo, ZHANG Jiankang, HE Wei, YANG Xu, WANG Jing, NIE Yingli. Research Progress and Practical Application of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Management in Dairy Cattle at Home and Abroad[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(9): 97-107.

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