热应激下奶牛激素调控策略及其应用效果分析

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.08.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热应激对奶牛生产性能、繁殖功能及免疫系统造成显著负面影响,导致产奶量下降15%~20%、受胎率降低25%~35%,并引发多种健康问题。本文系统阐述了热应激对奶牛的影响机制,重点探讨了生殖激素（如GnRH、孕酮）、糖皮质激素（如地塞米松）及褪黑激素等在缓解热应激中的科学应用策略。结合南北地区牧场实际案例,验证了激素调控在提升奶牛抗应激能力、改善繁殖效率及恢复生产性能方面的有效性。研究强调,激素使用应遵循短期、低剂量原则,并配合物理降温和营养调控等综合措施,以确保乳品安全与养殖效益。本文为奶牛场应对热应激提供了理论依据与实践指导。

关键词: 热应激, 奶牛, 激素使用, 管理策略

Abstract: Heat stress exerts significant negative impacts on the production performance, reproductive function, and immune system of dairy cows, leading to a 15%~20% decrease in milk yield, a 25%~35% reduction in conception rate, and various health disorders. This paper systematically elaborated the mechanisms through which heat stress affects dairy cows, with a focus on the scientific application strategies of reproductive hormones （such as GnRH and progesterone）, glucocorticoids （such as dexamethasone）, and melatonin in alleviating heat stress. Practical cases from dairy farms in both northern and southern regions demonstrate the effectiveness of hormonal regulation in enhancing stress resistance,improving reproductive efficiency, and restoring production performance. The study emphasized that hormone use should adhere to the principles of short-term and low-dose application, combined with comprehensive measures such as physical cooling and nutritional adjustments, to ensure dairy product safety and farming profitability. This paper provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for dairy farms to mitigate heat stress.

Key words: heat stress, dairy cows, hormone application, management strategies

赵新春. 热应激下奶牛激素调控策略及其应用效果分析[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 8-14.

ZHAO Xinchun. Regulation Strategies and Application Effects of Hormones in Dairy Cows under Heat Stress[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(8): 8-14.

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