核心牛群繁育管理中的常见误区与改进建议

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.08.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 核心牛群是奶牛育种体系的核心种质资源,其繁育管理水平直接影响遗传改良进程与牧场效益。然而,生产实践中,核心牛群管理仍存在若干认知与操作层面的误区,制约着遗传潜力的发挥。本文旨在系统剖析上述误区的生物学与遗传学机理,并提出针对性改进建议。[方法] 通过系统检索PubMed、CNKI等数据库中2011—2026年发表的奶牛繁育管理相关文献,并结合牧场生产实践,对核心牛群繁育管理中的五大常见误区进行梳理与分析。[结果] 五大误区分别为:过度依赖产奶量作为选择标准、忽视基因组选择与表型数据整合、营养管理滞后于繁殖调控需求、忽略子宫健康与胚胎移植衔接管理、数据记录缺乏长期连续性。针对各误区,分别从构建综合选择指数、建立基因组与表型双重筛选流程、实施分阶段精准营养方案、建立受体牛量化筛选体系、推进电子化数据管理等方面提出改进方案。[结论] 核心牛群管理须从经验驱动转向数据驱动,由单一性状选择转向多性状协同优化,方能实现遗传潜力与经济效益的同步提升。

关键词: 核心牛群, 繁育管理, 基因组选择, 繁殖效率, 营养调控

Abstract: [Objective] The core herd constitutes the foundational genetic resource of dairy cattle breeding systems,and its reproductive management directly influences both genetic improvement progress and farm profitability. In current production practices,several cognitive and operational misconceptions persist in managing core herds,constraining the full expression of their genetic potential. This paper systematically analyzed the biological and genetic mechanisms underlying these misconceptions and proposes targeted strategies for improvement.[Methods] By reviewing literature on dairy cattle reproduction and management published between 2011 and 2026 from databases such as PubMed and CNKI,and integrating field observations from commercial farms,this study identified and examined five prevalent misconceptions in core herd reproductive management.[Results] The five key misconceptions include: overreliance on milk yield as the primary selection criterion;inadequate integration of genomic selection with phenotypic data;nutritional management lagging behind reproductive regulation requirements;insufficient attention to the linkage between uterine health and embryo transfer protocols;and a lack of long-term continuity in data recording. Corresponding corrective measures are proposed: constructing comprehensive selection indices;establishing dual screening workflows combining genomic and phenotypic information;implementing stage-specific precision nutrition programs;developing quantitative screening systems for recipient cows;and advancing electronic data management.[Conclusion] Effective core herd management requires shifting from experience-driven to data-driven decision-making,and from single-trait selection to multi-trait optimization,thereby achieving synchronized improvements in genetic potential and economic returns.

Key words: core dairy herd, breeding management, genomic selection, reproductive efficiency, nutritional regulation

李明梅. 核心牛群繁育管理中的常见误区与改进建议[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(8): 11-17.

LI Mingmei. Common Misconceptions and Improvement Strategies in Breeding Management of Core Dairy Herds[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(8): 11-17.

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