基于DHI测定数据的府谷县奶牛泌乳性能与相关因素分析

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.04.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]本研究旨在通过分析2023年府谷县奶牛DHI测定数据,分析胎次、季节和泌乳阶段对产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率、尿素氮和体细胞数的影响。[方法]选取5 家规模奶牛场荷斯坦泌乳牛记录的DHI数据信息13 289 条,采用SPSS 23.0软件按胎次、季节和泌乳阶段分组分析对产奶量和乳成分的影响。[结果]胎次、季节和泌乳阶段对产奶量和乳成分均产生显著影响（P<0.05）。冬季产奶量、乳脂率显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）;秋季乳蛋白率显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）;夏季尿素氮显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）;夏秋两季体细胞数显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）。1~45 d阶段产奶量显著高于其他各段（P<0.05）;乳蛋白率和乳脂率随着泌乳阶段延长呈升高趋势,>305 d显著高于其他阶段（P<0.05）;尿素氮和体细胞数在>305 d时,显著高于其他阶段（P<0.05）。随着胎次增加,产奶量呈先升后降趋势,第2胎时显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;乳蛋白率呈先升高降趋势,第2胎次显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;乳脂率呈先降后升趋势,第1胎次显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;尿素氮呈两头高中间低;体细胞数呈升高趋势。[结论]府谷县荷斯坦泌乳牛胎次、季节和泌乳阶段显著影响生产性能,应根据不同影响因子合理调节日粮营养和加强管理,运用DHI数据采取相应措施,提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益。

关键词: 奶牛, DHI, 胎次, 季节, 泌乳阶段, 泌乳性能

Abstract: [Objective] This study aimed to analyze the effects of parity,season,and lactation stage on milk yield,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage,urea nitrogen,and somatic cell count by examining the Dairy Herd Improvement（DHI）data of dairy cows in Fugu County in 2023. [Methods] A total of 13,289 DHI records of Holstein lactating cows from five large-scale dairy farms were selected. The data were grouped and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software to assess the impact of parity,season,and lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition. [Results] Parity,season,and lactation stage significantly affected milk yield and milk composition（P< 0.05）. Milk yield and milk fat percentage in winter were significantly higher than in other seasons（P< 0.05）,while milk protein percentage in autumn was significantly higher than in other seasons（P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen levels in summer were significantly higher than in other seasons （P< 0.05）,and somatic cell counts in summer and autumn were significantly higher than in other seasons （P< 0.05）. Milk yield in the 1-45 d lactation stage was significantly higher than in other stages （P< 0.05）. Milk protein percentage and milk fat percentage increased with lactation stage,peaking significantly after 305 d （P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen and somatic cell counts were significantly higher after 305 d compared to other stages （P< 0.05）. As parity increased,milk yield first rose and then declined,peaking significantly in the second parity （P< 0.05）. Milk protein percentage initially increased and then decreased,with the second parity being significantly higher than others （P< 0.05）. Milk fat percentage first decreased and then increased,with the first parity being significantly higher than others （P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen levels were higher in early and late parities but lower in the middle,while somatic cell counts showed an upward trend with increasing parity. [Conclusion] Parity,season,and lactation stage significantly influence the production performance of Holstein lactating cows in Fugu County. Adjustments in dietary nutrition and management practices based on these factors,along with the application of DHI data for targeted measures,can enhance dairy cow productivity and economic efficiency.

Key words: dairy cow, DHI, parity, season and lactation stage, iactation performance

赵鹏, 甄新燕. 基于DHI测定数据的府谷县奶牛泌乳性能与相关因素分析[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(4): 59-65.

ZHAO Peng, ZHEN Xinyan. Analysis and Research on Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows Based on DHI Measurement Results in Fugu[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(4): 59-65.

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