奶牛葡萄球菌性乳腺炎及其防御机制

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.08.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 奶牛葡萄球菌性乳腺炎主要由金黄色葡萄球菌、非金黄色葡萄球菌引起。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的乳腺炎致病菌,能够通过其毒力因子引发乳腺的急性或慢性感染,并导致奶产量下降、乳汁体细胞数升高。非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,虽然通常被视为次要病原体,但也能引起奶牛亚临床乳腺炎、影响奶质。葡萄球菌通过多种机制逃避宿主的免疫防御,包括生物膜的形成、细胞内存活、免疫逃逸因子的产生。此外,葡萄球菌通过诱导自噬、改变细胞壁结构等方式,增强其在宿主中的持久性、致病性。宿主的免疫反应包括先天性免疫、适应性免疫的协同作用,其中中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞在初期的免疫防御中起关键作用,而抗体、细胞介导的免疫反应则有助于清除感染。本文旨在分析奶牛葡萄球菌性乳腺炎的致病、防御机制,以期为疾病防治提供新思路。

关键词: 奶牛乳腺炎, 葡萄球菌, 致病机制, 宿主免疫, 防治策略

Abstract: Bovine staphylococcal mastitis is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci.S. aureus is the most common pathogenic bacterium responsible for mastitis,capable of inducing acute or chronic infections in the mammary gland through its virulence factors,leading to reduced milk production and elevated somatic cell counts in milk. Although non-aureus staphylococcal strains are generally considered minor pathogens,they can also cause subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and impair milk quality.Staphylococci evade the host's immune defenses through various mechanisms,including biofilm formation,intracellular survival,and the production of immune evasion factors. Additionally,by inducing autophagy and altering cell wall structures,staphylococci enhance their persistence and pathogenicity within the host.The host immune response involves the coordinated action of innate and adaptive immunity, with neutrophils and macrophages playing a critical role in early immune defense,while antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses contribute to infection clearance. This review aimed to analyze the pathogenic and defensive mechanisms of bovine staphylococcal mastitis,providing new insights for disease prevention and treatment.

Key words: bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, pathogenesis, host immunity, prevention and control strategy

张建波, 黑立新, 裴廷福, 朱高照, 胡智胜. 奶牛葡萄球菌性乳腺炎及其防御机制[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 37-46.

ZHANG Jianbo, HEI Lixin, PEI Tingfu, ZHU Gaozhao, HU Zhisheng. Bovine staphylococcal mastitis and its Defense Mechanisms[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(8): 37-46.

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