奶牛疼痛评估与抗炎镇痛治疗关键技术研究进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.09.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 奶牛疼痛管理是现代奶牛养殖中提升动物福利与生产效益的关键环节。本文系统综述了奶牛疼痛的评估方法、抗炎镇痛药物的合理选用及常见疼痛性操作与疾病的综合管理策略。研究表明,疼痛会导致奶牛行为异常、生理应激加剧和生产性能下降。目前,国际上已开发出多种基于行为指标的疼痛评估工具（如奶牛疼痛量表）,为疼痛识别提供科学依据。在药物治疗方面,推荐使用COX-2高选择性非甾体抗炎药（如美洛昔康）,并需严格遵守弃奶期与休药期规定。针对去角、去势、肢蹄病、难产和乳房炎等常见问题,应实施多模式镇痛方案,结合局部麻醉与全身性镇痛药物,并注重操作时机与规范流程。美国FARM、加拿大proAction等国际奶业质量计划已将疼痛管理列为强制性要求,我国奶业也应加快推动相关标准的落地实施,通过科学镇痛提升奶牛健康水平与养殖效益。

关键词: 奶牛, 疼痛评估, 抗炎镇痛, 非甾体抗炎药, 美洛昔康, 动物福利, 疼痛管理, 奶牛养殖

Abstract: Pain management in dairy cows is a crucial aspect of modern dairy farming for improving animal welfare and production efficiency. This article systematically reviews assessment methods for pain in dairy cows, the rational selection of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, and comprehensive management strategies for common painful procedures and diseases. Studies have shown that pain can lead to abnormal behavior, increased physiological stress, and reduced production performance in dairy cows. Internationally, various behavioral indicator-based pain assessment tools （such as the Dairy Cow Pain Scale） have been developed to provide a scientific basis for pain identification. In terms of pharmacological treatment, the use of highly selective COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （e.g., meloxicam） is recommended, with strict adherence to milk withdrawal and drug withdrawal periods. For common issues such as dehorning, castration, hoof diseases,dystocia, and mastitis,multimodal analgesic protocols should be implemented, combining local anesthesia with systemic analgesics, while emphasizing the timing and standardization of procedures. International dairy quality programs such as the U.S. FARM and Canada’s proAction have made pain management a mandatory requirement. China’s dairy industry should also accelerate the implementation of relevant standards to enhance dairy cow health and farming efficiency through scientific analgesia.

Key words: dairy cow, pain assessment, anti-inflammatory analgesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, meloxicam, animal welfare, pain management, dairy farming

韩萌, 张文学, 杨旭, 王晶. 奶牛疼痛评估与抗炎镇痛治疗关键技术研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 84-90.

HAN Meng, ZHANG Wenxue, YANG Xu, WANG Jing. Research Progress on Key Technologies of Pain Assessment and Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Therapy in Dairy Cows[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(9): 84-90.

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