牛奶外泌体的分离、修饰及其在疾病治疗中的应用进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.10.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 外泌体是细胞起源的膜囊泡,由各种类型的细胞释放,几乎存在于所有的生理液体中,含有多种重要的生物学分子（如蛋白质、脂质、DNA、mRNA、microRNA等）。牛奶外泌体是由乳腺上皮细胞自然分泌、天然存在于牛奶中的细胞外纳米囊泡,由于其在合成分泌中形成的特殊结构以及具有低免疫原性和高生物相容性,作为多种分子（如蛋白质、脂质、mRNA和RNA）的转运体,在生理调控、诊断治疗以及药物递送载体等方面表现巨大潜力和前景。本文介绍外泌体的形成机制、分离方法、修饰技术及其在生物调控中的应用价值,介绍在癌症治疗、生理调控中的应用,以期为外泌体功能化研发和产品开发提供新思路。

关键词: 牛奶, 外泌体, 分离, 修饰, 应用

Abstract: Exosomes are cell-derived membrane vesicles released by various types of cells and exist in almost all physiological fluids.Theycontain a variety of important biological molecules,such as proteins,lipids,DNA,mRNA,and microRNA.Milk exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles naturally secreted by mammary epithelial cells and naturally present in milk.Due to their special structure formed in synthetic secretion and low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility,milk exosomes have shown great potential and prospects in physiological regulation,diagnosis and treatment,and as drug delivery carriers as transporters of various molecules（such as proteins,lipids,mRNA and RNA）.This paper introduced the formation mechanism,separation method,modification and application value of exosomes in biological regulation,and introduced the application in cancer treatment and physiological regulation,in order to provide new ideas for the functional development and product development of exosomes.

Key words: milk, exosome, separation, modification, application

蒋利明, 钱仲仓. 牛奶外泌体的分离、修饰及其在疾病治疗中的应用进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(10): 123-130.

JIANG Liming, QIAN Zhongcang. Research Advances in Isolation,Engineering,and Modification Applications of Milk Exosomes[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(10): 123-130.

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