营养素调控乳用反刍动物免疫功能的分子机制与应用研究进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.06.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乳用反刍动物免疫功能是保障其健康状况、生产性能及产品质量的核心要素。营养素作为机体生命活动的物质基础,同时也是调控免疫功能的关键信号分子,通过直接作用于免疫细胞或间接调节胃肠道微生物区系等多条途径,对乳用反刍动物免疫功能产生深远影响。本文系统综述了氨基酸、脂肪酸等关键营养素对免疫细胞的直接调控机制,营养素通过胃肠道微生物区系及代谢产物的间接免疫调控途径,营养素对肠道物理与免疫屏障的维护作用,以及营养素在缓解氧化应激、调节炎症因子平衡中的作用,并总结了功能性饲料添加剂应用、精准营养与阶段饲养等免疫增强应用策略,旨在为乳用反刍动物精准营养方案的制定、免疫力提升及健康养殖提供理论参考。

关键词: 乳用反刍动物, 营养素, 免疫功能, 肠道微生物区系, 肠道屏障, 炎症调控

Abstract: The immune function of dairy ruminants is a core factor in safeguarding their health status,production performance,and product quality.Nutrients,as the material basis for life activities,also serve as key signaling molecules regulating immune function.Through multiple pathways,such as directly acting on immune cells or indirectly modulating the gastrointestinal microbiota,nutrients profoundly influence the immune function of dairy ruminants.This paper systematically reviewed the direct regulatory mechanisms of key nutrients,such as amino acids and fatty acids,on immune cells,the indirect immune regulatory pathways of nutrients via the gastrointestinal microbiota and their metabolites,the role of nutrients in maintaining the intestinal physical and immune barrier,and the functions of nutrients in alleviating oxidative stress and regulating the balance of inflammatory cytokines.Furthermore,it summarized application strategies for immune enhancement,including the use of functional feed additives,precision nutrition,and phase-feeding.The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for formulating precision nutrition plans,enhancing immunity,and promoting healthy farming practices for dairy ruminants.

Key words: dairy ruminant, nutrient, immune function, gastrointestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier, inflammation regulation

雷江红, 石龙飞, 王青, 齐亚辉, 赵敏. 营养素调控乳用反刍动物免疫功能的分子机制与应用研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(6): 12-20.

LEI Jianghong, SHI Longfei, WANG Qing, QI Yahui, ZHAO Min. Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanisms and Applications of Nutrient Regulation of Immune Function in Dairy Ruminants[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(6): 12-20.

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