奶牛蹄病的致病原因与综合防控

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.12.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]本研究旨在系统解析奶牛蹄病的关键致病因素,构建多维度综合防控体系,为降低蹄病发病率、提升奶牛健康水平提供理论依据。[方法]通过文献分析与现场调研,明确遗传易感性、营养失衡、环境潮湿、微生物感染等致病机制,设计涵盖遗传改良、营养精准调控、环境管理及蹄浴保健的“遗传-营养-环境”三位一体防控策略。[结果]实施该体系,可有效降低蹄病发病率,提高蹄部感染治愈率,降低奶牛淘汰率。[结论]多因素协同防控能有效阻断蹄病发生路径,具有显著经济效益和推广价值。

关键词: 奶牛, 蹄病, 病因, 治疗与处置, 预防

Abstract: [Objective] The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the key pathogenic factors of cow hoof disease,build a multi-dimensional comprehensive prevention and control system,and provide theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of hoof disease and improving the health level of cows.[Method] Through literature analysis and field investigation,the pathogenic mechanisms such as genetic susceptibility,nutritional imbalance,humid environment and microbial infection were clarified,and the “genetic-nutritional-environmental”trinity prevention and control strategy covering genetic improvement,precise nutrition regulation,environmental management and hoof bath health care was designed.[Result] The implementation of this system can effectively reduce the incidence of hoof disease,improve the cure rate of hoof infection and reduce the elimination rate of cows.[Conclusion] Multi-factor synergistic prevention and control can effectively block the occurrence path of hoof disease,which has significant economic benefits and popularization value.

Key words: cow, hoof disease, etiology, treatment and disposal, prevention

彭建聪. 奶牛蹄病的致病原因与综合防控[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(12): 23-29.

PENG Jiancong. Pathogenic Causes and Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Cow Hoof Disease[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(12): 23-29.

参考文献

[1] 杨文瑾,赵强,陶金忠.胎次、妊娠天数及月份与奶牛产后疾病相关性探析[J].中国奶牛,2023(6):20-25.
[2] Salem S E,Mesalam A,Monir A.A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of lameness and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle herds in Egypt[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2023,19(1):68.
[3] Thomsen P T,Shearer J K,Houe H.Prevalence of lameness in dairy cows:A literature review[J].Veterinary Journal,2023,295:105975.
[4] Seesupa S,Kanistanon K,Pilachai R,et al.Prevalence of subclinical laminitis and its effects on reproductive performance in lactating cows in Thailand[J].Thai Journal Veterinary Medicine,2016,46(1):109-117.
[5] Sagliyan A,Gunay C,Han M C.Prevalence of lesions associated with subclinical laminitis in dairy cattle[J].Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2010,65(1):27-33.
[6] 邵军,林为民,孙新文,等.石河子地区奶牛肢蹄病类型和发病情况调查分析[J].中国奶牛,2017(1):30-33.
[7] 王山山,邵凯,贾浩滨,等.围产牛步态评分对母牛和犊牛健康状况及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2024,60(9):340-344.
[8] 李镔罡,肖海侠,艾柯代·吐鲁洪,等.新疆部分地区牛场牛蹄病流行病学及治疗情况调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2023,59(7):17-22.
[9] Charfeddine N,Perez-Cabal M A.Effect of claw disorders on milk production,fertility,and longevity,and their economic impact in Spanish Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,100(1):653-665.
[10] 赵利梅,刘晓豪,卢士宇,等.石家庄地区奶牛肢蹄病现状及分析[J].中国畜牧业,2020(24):64-65.
[11] Alvergnas M,Strabel T,Rzewuska K,et al.Claw disorders in dairy cattle:Effects on production,welfare and farm economics with possible prevention methods[J].Livestock Science,2019,222:54-64.
[12] 张鹤飞,周志新,孙悦,等.奶牛趾间皮肤外植体模型的构建及效果评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2023,28(1):172-179.
[13] Flower F C,Weary D M.Effect of hoof pathologies on subjective assessments of dairy cow gait[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(1):139-146.
[14] 张英,刘义明.奶牛蹄病主要致病因素及防治方法[J].中国奶牛,2025(2):26-32.
[15] 吴雨谦,邓铭,刘德武,等.奶牛蹄病发病原因及防治措施研究进展[J].中国畜禽种业,2024,20(7):114-123.
[16] 王延寿. 奶牛肢蹄病的病因及防制研究[J].中国动物保健,2010,12(6):54-56.
[17] 邱庆,王典,陈雅坤,等.围产期奶牛低血钙症的发生机制及营养调控措施[J].中国畜牧杂志,2024,60(12):35-40.
[18] 魏书青,韩博,李艳华,等.奶牛生长与健康性状遗传规律研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2024,60(9):21-27.
[19] 朱学军. 常见奶牛蹄病的防治[J].中国乳业,2022(6):44-49.
[20] 薛晓姝. 宁夏地区荷斯坦牛体型性状、产奶性状及长寿性状的遗传参数分析[D].银川:宁夏大学,2023.
[21] Gelasakis A I,Kalogianni A I,Bossis T.A etiology,risk factors,diagnosis and control of foot-related lameness in dairy sheep[J].Animals(Basel),2019,9(8):509.
[22] Cook N B,Nordlund K V,Oetzel G R.Effects of stall surface on dairy cow behavior and hygiene[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(Suppl. 1):36-42.
[23] 齐长明,于涛,李增强.奶牛变形蹄与蹄病防治彩色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[24] Zhang X,Ding J,Li Y,et al.The changes of inflammatory mediators and vasoactive substances in dairy cows’plasma with pasture-associated laminitis[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2020,16(1):119.
[25] Malchiodi F,Koeck A,Mason S,et al.Genetic parameters for hoof health traits estimated with linear and threshold models using alternative cohorts[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(4):2828-2836.
[26] De Mol R M,André G,Bleumer E J B,et al.Applicability of day-to-day variation in behavior for the automated detection of lameness in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(6):3703-3712.
[27] 张海亮,常瑶,娄文琦,等.奶牛育种中关注的新性状[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(10):2687-2697.

相关文章 15

[1]	王晶, 赵永峰, 李景斌, 杨旭, 王礞礞, 王煜东. 规模化牧场奶牛疼痛管理与抗炎药物应用现状调研报告[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 2-13.
[2]	徐伟, 赵慧秋, 李志佳, 马修国, 耿涛, 程思源, 姜兴刚, 董飞. 口蹄疫免疫间隔对奶牛受胎率的影响分析[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 14-23.
[3]	成冲. 烟台地区奶牛口蹄疫免疫与繁殖性能关联性及秋季防疫优化[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 24-29.
[4]	李佳祺. 秋季布鲁氏菌病综合防控技术及其对奶牛繁殖性能的影响[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 30-36.
[5]	张建康. 秋季防疫对奶牛繁殖性能的影响与协同管理策略[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 37-43.
[6]	马昌国. 日粮中添加不同水平当归提取物对奶牛生产性能、血清抗氧化指标及瘤胃功能的影响[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 73-77.
[7]	韩萌, 张文学, 杨旭, 王晶. 奶牛疼痛评估与抗炎镇痛治疗关键技术研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 84-90.
[8]	孔令博, 张建康, 何微, 杨旭, 王晶, 聂迎利. 国内外奶牛抗炎镇痛管理研究进展与实践应用[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(9): 97-107.
[9]	付畅, 李强. 现代牧场繁殖数据深度解析与效率优化策略[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 2-7.
[10]	赵新春. 热应激下奶牛激素调控策略及其应用效果分析[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 8-14.
[11]	及美拉. 热应激对奶牛繁殖性能的影响及生殖激素调控策略[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 15-20.
[12]	周长城. 奶牛同期发情处理技术的实践应用与关键管控策略[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 21-26.
[13]	张建波, 黑立新, 裴廷福, 朱高照, 胡智胜. 奶牛葡萄球菌性乳腺炎及其防御机制[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 37-46.
[14]	黄晶. 日粮中添加中草药提取物后对奶牛隐性乳腺炎的防控效果[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(8): 47-53.
[15]	张廷青, 乔治, 吕宏伟. 奶牛早期胚胎死亡的综合研究与精准防控策略[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(7): 6-6.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed