夏季高温高湿环境下奶牛子宫炎的发病特点及综合防控措施

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.06.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 子宫炎是奶牛产后高发的生殖系统疾病,尤其在夏季高温高湿环境中,其发病率显著上升,严重影响奶牛的繁殖性能和牧场的经济效益。本文综述了夏季子宫炎的发病特点、主要致病因素、诊断方法及综合防控措施。热应激是夏季子宫炎高发的主要诱因,其通过抑制奶牛免疫功能、延迟子宫复旧及促进病原菌繁殖,显著增加了感染风险。主要致病菌包括大肠杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌。诊断方面,结合临床检查、实验室检测和B超技术可提高准确性。防控措施涵盖环境管理（降温、通风、保持干燥）、营养调控（提高日粮能量浓度、补充抗氧化剂）、产后护理（胎衣处理、子宫灌注）及科学用药（抗生素、激素疗法）。通过实施综合防控策略,可有效降低子宫炎发病率,提升奶牛健康水平和牧场经济效益。本文旨在为奶牛养殖者提供科学、实用的管理建议,促进奶牛养殖业的可持续发展。

关键词: 奶牛, 夏季子宫炎, 发病情况, 防控措施

Abstract: Endometritis is a common reproductive system disease in postpartum dairy cows, with its incidence significantly increasing during high-temperature and high-humidity summer conditions, severely affecting reproductive performance and farm economic efficiency. This paper reviewed the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, and comprehensive prevention and control measures of summer endometritis. Heat stress is the primary predisposing factor, as it suppresses immune function, delays uterine involution, and promotes pathogen proliferation, thereby significantly increasing infection risks. Major pathogenic bacteria include Escherichia coli,Trueperella pyogenes,Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. For diagnosis, combining clinical examination, laboratory testing, and ultrasonography improves accuracy. Prevention and control measures encompass environmental management （cooling, ventilation, maintaining dryness）, nutritional regulation （increasing dietary energy density, supplementing antioxidants）, postpartum care （retained placenta management, intrauterine infusion）, and scientific medication （antibiotics, hormonal therapy）. Implementing an integrated prevention strategy can effectively reduce endometritis incidence, enhance cow health, and improve farm profitability. This study aimed to provide scientific and practical management recommendations for dairy farmers to promote sustainable development in the dairy industry.

Key words: dairy cow, summer endometritis, disease incidence, prevention and control measures

王峰, 李玉芳, 陈学敏. 夏季高温高湿环境下奶牛子宫炎的发病特点及综合防控措施[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(6): 7-13.

WANG Feng, LI Yufang, CHEN Xuemin. Characteristics and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Measures of Dairy Cow Endometritis in High-temperature and High-humidity Environments During Summer[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(6): 7-13.

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