铬在缓解反刍动物热应激中的应用进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热应激是全球变暖背景下反刍动物养殖业面临的重要挑战,严重影响其生产性能、免疫功能和繁殖效率。铬作为动物必需的微量元素,在调节糖脂代谢、增强抗氧化能力和维持免疫功能等方面发挥关键作用。本文综述热应激对反刍动物的危害及其机制,介绍铬的来源、种类及其在热应激条件下的应用效果;重点阐述补充铬对反刍动物产奶性能、生长性能和繁殖性能的改善作用,并从增强胰岛素敏感性、调控葡萄糖代谢、提升抗氧化能力、增强免疫功能和改善瘤胃微生物群落等方面探讨其作用机制;分析当前研究存在的铬源可比性不足、剂量标准缺失等问题,并展望未来研究方向,旨在为缓解反刍动物热应激提供理论依据与实践参考。

关键词: 反刍动物, 热应激, 铬, 抗氧化, 胰岛素敏感性, 瘤胃微生物

Abstract: Heat stress poses a significant challenge to the ruminant livestock industry under the context of global warming,severely impacting animal production performance,immune function,and reproductive efficiency. Chromium,as an essential trace element for animals,plays a key role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism,enhancing antioxidant capacity,and maintaining immune function. This review summarized the detrimental effects of heat stress on ruminants and its underlying mechanisms,and introduced the sources,types,and application effects of chromium under heat stress conditions. It focused on the ameliorative effects of chromium supplementation on the lactation performance,growth performance,and reproductive performance of ruminants. Furthermore,the review explored the mechanisms of action,including enhancing insulin sensitivity,regulating glucose metabolism,improving antioxidant capacity,boosting immune function,and modulating the rumen microbiota. This review also analyzed existing research limitations,such as insufficient comparability among different chromium sources and the lack of standardized dosage,and proposed future research directions,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for alleviating heat stress in ruminants.

Key words: ruminants, heat stress, chromium, antioxidant, insulin sensitivity, rumen microbiota

范德誉, 郭勇庆. 铬在缓解反刍动物热应激中的应用进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(6): 3-9.

FAN Deyu, GUO Yongqing. Research Progress on the Application of Chromium in Alleviating Heat Stress in Ruminants[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(6): 3-9.

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