中国乳业 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 51-57.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.26.01.08

• 饲养管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

热应激对荷斯坦牛生产的影响及综合防控技术

王小托1, 商静静2, 杨晓娟3, 谭玉笛4, 毛江5, 梅银财3,*   

  1. 1.云南新希望雪兰牧业科技有限公司,云南曲靖 655000;
    2.东营市东营区畜牧业发展服务中心,山东东营 257000;
    3.新希望生态牧业有限公司 四川成都 610063;
    4.昆明雪兰牛奶有限责任公司,云南昆明 650217;
    5.新希望乳业股份有限公司,乳品营养与功能四川省重点实验室,四川成都 610023
  • 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: *梅银财(1974-),男,浙江杭州人,本科,畜牧师,研究方向为奶牛营养。
  • 作者简介:王小托(1990-),男,甘肃静宁人,本科,执业兽医师,研究方向为动物医学;商静静(1981-),女,山东东营人,本科,农业经济师,研究方向为畜牧兽医;杨晓娟(1976-),女,四川南江人,本科,畜牧师,研究方向为奶牛营养;谭玉笛(1989-),女,云南昆明人,本科,高级兽医师,研究方向为奶牛兽医;毛 江(1989-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,高级畜牧师,研究方向为奶牛营养。
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(202507AC040017);云南省外国专家项目(202505AP120022)

Effects of Heat Stress on Dairy Production in Holstein Cows and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technologies

WANG Xiaotuo1, SHANG Jingjing2, YANG Xiaojuan3, TAN Yudi4, MAO Jiang5, MEI Yincai3,*   

  1. 1. Yunnan New Hope Xuelan Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Qujing Yunnan 655000;
    2. Dongying District Animal Husbandry Development Service Center, Dongying Shandong 257000;
    3. New Hope Ecological Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610063;
    4. Kunming Xuelan Dairy Co., Ltd., Kunming Yunnan 650217;
    5. New Hope Dairy Co., Ltd., Sichuan Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition and Function, Chengdu Sichuan 610063
  • Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-03-09

摘要: 在全球气候变暖和奶牛集约化养殖快速发展的背景下,夏季高温高湿环境引发的荷斯坦牛热应激问题日益突出,已成为制约奶牛产业高效发展的关键因素。本文基于荷斯坦牛的生理特性,系统阐述了热应激的科学判定标准;深入分析了热应激对奶牛生理机能、泌乳性能、营养代谢、繁殖性能及健康状况的多维度影响机制;重点总结了物理性环境改善与饲养日粮调控相结合的综合防控技术。研究旨在为牧场科学开展防暑降温工作提供理论依据和实践指导,以缓解热应激对奶牛生产的不利影响,保障奶牛健康,提高生产性能,促进乳业可持续发展。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛, 热应激, 生产性能, 生理机制, 防控技术

Abstract: Against the backdrop of global warming and the rapid development of intensive dairy farming,heat stress in Holstein cows caused by high temperature and humidity in summer has become increasingly prominent,posing a key constraint to the efficient development of the dairy industry. Based on the physiological characteristics of Holstein cows,this paper systematically elaborated the scientific criteria for determining heat stress,thoroughly analyzed the multi-dimensional impact mechanisms of heat stress on physiological functions,lactation performance,nutrient metabolism,reproductive performance,and health status,and highlights comprehensive prevention and control technologies that combine physical environmental improvements with dietary management. The study aimed to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for scientifically implementing heat stress mitigation measures on dairy farms,thereby alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on dairy production,ensuring cow health,improving production performance,and promoting sustainable development of the dairy industry.

Key words: Holstein cow, heat stress, production performance, physiological mechanism, prevention and control technology

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