关键词: 奶牛, 部分饲料, 霉菌污染状况, 调查

Abstract: [Objective]In order to understand the mycotoxin contamination of feed for some dairy cows in Kunming,80 batches of feed corn flour,whole corn silage and total mixed ration （TMR） were collected from some dairy farms（breeding areas）in Kunming for analysis. [Methods]Six mycotoxins,including aflatoxin B₁（AFB₁）,ochratoxin A （OTA）,zearalenone （ZEN）,fumotoxin （FB₁+FB₂）,T-2 toxin and vomiting toxin （DON）,were determined in 80 batches of feed with ELISA kit. The excessive level was determined according to the Hygienical standard for feeds（GB 13078-2017）. [Result]The detection rate of ZEN in corn flour was 88.2%,with an average of （1047.2 ± 935.5）μg/kg,the exceeding standard rate reached 76.4%.The detection rate of DON was 82.3%,the average value was （1375.2±635.2）μg/kg,the detection rate of FB₁+FB₂+FB₃ was 35.3%,and the average value was （277.4±490.9）μg/kg,the detection rate of AFB₁ was 35.3%,and the average value was （8.6±2.9） μg/kg,OTA and T-2 toxin were not detected. The detection rate of DON in TMR was 25%,and the average value was （1047.2±935.5） μg/kg,the detection rate of AFB₁ was 16.7%,the average value was （2.3±1.2） μg /kg,ZEN detection rate 16.7%,mean value （120.1±112.6）μg/kg,not exceeding the standard,OTA,T-2 toxin,FB₁+FB₂+FB₃ were not detected. The detection rate of DON in whole feed corn silage was 47.1%,and the average value was（1375.2±635.2）μg/kg,the detection rate of ZEN was 29.4%,and the average value was （142.5±191.1）μg/kg,not exceeding the standard.AFB1,OTA,T-2 toxin,FB₁+FB₂+FB₃ were not detected.[Conclusion]Mycotoxin detection rate: DON>ZEN>AFB₁>FB₁+FB₂+FB₃>T-2 toxin and OTA. Pollution degree: corn flour>whole corn silage>TMR. Mycotoxins in the three types of feed are polluted,among which the risk of mycotoxin pollution in corn flour is the largest. Great attention should be paid to its transportation,storage and use to avoid economic losses.

Key words: dairy cows, partial feed, mycotoxins pollution, investigation