中国乳业 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (9): 14-23.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.25.09.02

• 奶牛繁殖健康管理专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

口蹄疫免疫间隔对奶牛受胎率的影响分析

徐伟1, 赵慧秋2, 李志佳2, 马修国2, 耿涛3, 程思源4, 姜兴刚5, 董飞1,*   

  1. 1 一牧科技（北京）有限公司,北京 100016;
    2 河北省畜牧总站,河北石家庄 050000;
    3 石家庄联润养殖有限公司,河北石家庄 050800;
    4 宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,宁夏银川 750000;
    5 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161005
  • 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 通讯作者: *董 飞（1989-）,男,山西定襄人,硕士,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。
  • 作者简介:徐 伟（1991-）,男,安徽太和人,硕士,研究方向为分子数量遗传学;赵慧秋（1974-）,女,河北武安人,硕士,研究方向为奶牛养殖与繁育;李志佳（1984-）,男,河北石家庄人,硕士,研究方向为奶牛养殖;马修国（1972-）,男,山东济南人,本科,研究方向为奶牛养殖;耿 涛（1992-）,男,河北正定人,博士,研究方向为奶牛养殖数字化转型;程思源（1997-）,女,宁夏银川人,硕士,研究方向为动物饲料与营养;姜兴刚（1979-）,男,山东台前人,硕士,中级,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。
  • 基金资助:
    基于多源数据融合的奶牛场智慧养殖关键技术（2515002402A）

Analysis of the Impact of FMD Vaccination on Conception Rate in Dairy Cattle

XU Wei1, ZHAO Huiqiu2, LI Zhijia2, MA Xiuguo2, GENG Tao3, CHENG Siyuan4, JIANG Xinggang5, DONG Fei1,*   

  1. 1 EYIMU Science and Technology（Beijing） Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100016;
    2 Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000;
    3 Shijiazhuang Lianrun Breeding Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050800;
    4 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation,Yinchuan Ningxia 750000;
    5 Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161005
  • Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-09

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摘要： [目的]分析2023—2024年144 个奶牛场416 739 条青年牛,152 个奶牛场1 193 209 条成母牛配种事件及配种受胎率,旨在分析免疫后不同间隔天数分组对应受胎率情况。[方法]对牛只配种前免疫间隔天数进行分组,根据各分组内牛只配种事件与配种结果进行统计,并计算受胎率,配种怀孕事件数占配种实际总数（已知孕检结果）的比例,对比不同维度下发病间隔天数分组对应受胎率的差异。[结果]（1）青年牛配种前口蹄疫免疫间隔天数>30 天分组受胎率为60.3%;免疫后0~5 天、6~10 天分组对应受胎率56.0%、58.4%,较基准低4.3、1.9 个百分点,青年牛首次和第二次配种受胎率下降最多4.4、4.9 个百分点。（2）成母牛配种前口蹄疫免疫间隔天数>30 天分组受胎率为41.9%;免疫后0~5 天、6~10 天分组各胎次对应受胎率39.4%、41.1%。（3）配种前0~5 天、6~10 天免疫对头胎牛受胎率影响较大,受胎率分别下降3.7 个百分点和2.6 个百分点;（4）配种前0~5 天免疫对首次配种影响较大,受胎率下降3.1 个百分点。[结论]为精细化繁殖管理,奶牛场可以合理规划免疫程序,优化免疫接种时间,在减少对繁殖性能的负面影响,做到疾病防控效益最大化,通过精细化配种方案,提高配种受胎率,节省人工和冻精成本。

关键词: 奶牛, 免疫, 配种, 受胎率

Abstract: [Objective] This study analyzed 416 739 breeding events from heifers across 144 dairy farms and 1 193 209 breeding events from dairy cows across 152 dairy farms recorded between 2023 and 2024. The objective was to determine conception rates associated with different intervals between Foot-and-Mouth Disease （FMD） vaccination and breeding. [Methods] Breeding events were grouped based on the interval in days after FMD vaccination. Conception rates were calculated for each group as the proportion of breeding events resulting in a confirmed pregnancy relative to the total breeding events with a known pregnancy diagnosis outcome. Conception rates were compared between interval groups. [Result]（1）For heifers vaccinated >30 days before breeding,the conception rate was 60.3%. Conception rates for heifers bred 0~5 days and 6~10 days post-vaccination were 56.0% and 58.4%,respectively,representing decreases of 4.3 and 1.9 percentage points compared to the >30-day group. The decrease was most pronounced in the first service （4.4 percentage points） and second service （4.9 percentage points）.（2）For dairy cows vaccinated >30 days before breeding,the conception rate was 41.9%. Conception rates for dairy cows bred 0~5 days and 6~10 days post-vaccination were 39.4% and 41.1%,respectively,across all parities.（3）Vaccination given 0~5 days and 6~10 days before breeding significantly reduced the conception rate in primiparous cows,resulting in decreases of 3.7 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points,respectively. （4）Vaccination 0~5 days before breeding had a significant negative impact on conception rates at the first service,causing a decrease of 3.1 percentage points. [Conclusion] To enhance precision reproductive management,dairy farms should strategically schedule FMD vaccination programs and optimize vaccination timing relative to breeding. This can minimize negative impacts on reproductive performance and maximize disease prevention benefits. Implementing refined breeding strategies considering vaccination timing can further improve conception rates and reduce labor and frozen semen costs.

Key words: dairy cattle, vaccination, breeding, conception rate

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