牛初乳免疫调节机制及其应用研究进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.01.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 牛初乳是母牛在分娩后72 h内分泌的乳汁,富含免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、过氧化物酶等多种生物活性成分,具有重要的免疫调节功能。本文综述牛初乳中的主要营养成分、免疫活性组分及其含量影响因素,并系统总结其在婴幼儿、青少年、成年人及老年人群中的免疫调节功能。研究表明,牛初乳具有增强黏膜免疫功能、调节炎症反应、减轻病原菌感染程度以及维持免疫系统稳态的作用。作为一种天然且安全的营养干预策略,牛初乳在增强免疫力和促进健康维护方面具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 牛初乳, 免疫, 营养成分, 免疫因子

Abstract: Bovine colostrum is the milk secreted by a cow 72 hours after giving birth. It is rich in various bioactive components such as immunoglobulins,lactoferrin,lysozyme,and peroxidase,and has significant immune regulatory functions. This paper reviewed the main nutritional components,immune-active components and their content influencing factors in bovine colostrum,and systematically summarized its immune regulatory functions in infants,adolescents,adults,and the elderly. Studies have shown that bovine colostrum has the effects of enhancing mucosal immune function,regulating inflammatory responses,reducing the severity of pathogen infections,and maintaining the stability of immune system. As a natural and safe nutritional intervention strategy,bovine colostrum has broad application prospects in enhancing immunity and promoting health maintenance.

Key words: bovine colostrum, immunity, nutritional component, immune factor

杨叶. 牛初乳免疫调节机制及其应用研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(1): 109-117.

YANG Ye. Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism and Applications of Bovine Colostrum[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(1): 109-117.

参考文献

[1] Davis P F,Greenhill N S,Rowan A M,et al.The safety of New Zealand bovine colostrum:Nutritional and physiological evaluation in rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2007,45(2):229-236.
[2] Duan H,Sun Q,Chen C,et al.A review:The effect of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages[J].Nutrients,2024,16(13):2007.
[3] Hue D T,Skirving R,Chen T,et al.Colostrum source and passive immunity transfer in dairy bull calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2021,104(7):8164-8176.
[4] Poonia A,Shiva.Bioactive compounds,nutritional profile and health benefits of colostrum:A review[J].Food Production,Processing and Nutrition,2022,4(1):1-21.
[5] Kehoe S I,Jayarao B M,Heinrichs A J.A survey of bovine colostrum composition and colostrum management practices on Pennsylvania dairy farms[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(9):4108-4116.
[6] Davidson G P,Daniels E,Nunan H,et al.Passive immunisation of children with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus[J].Lancet,1989,334(8665):709-712.
[7] Jones A W,March D S,Curtis F,et al.Bovine colostrum supplementation and upper respiratory symptoms during exercise training:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J].BMC Sports Science,Medicine and Rehabilitation,2016,8(1):21.
[8] King M R,Morel P C H,Revell D K,et al.Dietary bovine colostrum increases villus height and decreases small intestine weight in early-weaned pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2008,21(4):567-573.
[9] Saad K,Abo-Elela M G M,El-Baseer K A A,et al.Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children[J].Medicine,2016,95(37):e4560.
[10] Arslan A,Kaplan M,Duman H,et al.Bovine colostrum and its potential for human health and nutrition[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2021,8:651721.
[11] Playford R J,Weiser M J.Bovine colostrum:Its constituents and uses[J].Nutrients,2021,13(1):265.
[12] Canbolat A A,Lombardo M,Mondragon A D C,et al.Bovine colostrum in pediatric nutrition and health[J].Nutrients,2024,16(24):4305.
[13] Boirie Y,Dangin M,Gachon P,et al.Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ,1997,94(26):14930-14935.
[14] 李墨翰,张秀敏,王亦宁,等.牛初乳与牛常乳乳脂肪球膜中丰度差异蛋白的表征与分析[J].食品科学,2022,43(12):163-170.
[15] 李墨翰,张秀敏,宋婉莹,等.驴初乳与常乳乳脂球膜蛋白质组的对比分析[J].食品科学,2022,43(8):104-112.
[16] Borad S G,Singh A K.Colostrum immunoglobulins:Processing,preservation and application aspects[J].International dairy journal,2018,85:201-210.
[17] Polidori P,Rapaccetti R,Klimanova Y,et al.Nutritional parameters in colostrum of different mammalian species[J].Beverages(Basel),2022,8(3):54.
[18] Verardo V,Gómez-Caravaca A,Arráez-Román D,et al.Recent advances in phospholipids from colostrum,milk and dairy by-products[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(1):173.
[19] 李墨翰,宋婉莹,张秀敏,等.乳极性脂质组成及其功能性研究进展[J].乳业科学与技术,2022,45(2):24-29.
[20] 李墨翰,刘爱成,赵闪闪,等.驴乳营养成分研究进展[J].乳业科学与技术,2022,45(6):42-49.
[21] Urashima T,Saito T,Nakamura T,et al.Oligosaccharides of milk and colostrum in non-human mammals[J].Glycoconjugate Journal,2001,18(5):357-371.
[22] Ten Bruggencate S J,Bovee-Oudenhoven I M,Feitsma A L,et al.Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides[J].Nutrition Reviews,2014,72(6):377-389.
[23] Huang Z,Liu Y,Qi G,et al.Role of V itamin A in the immune system[J].Journal of Clinical Medicine,2018,7(9):258.
[24] Charoenngam N,Holick M F.Immunologic effects of Vitamin D on human health and disease[J].Nutrients,2020,12(7):2097.
[25] Kilicarslan You D,Fuwad A,Lee K H,et al.Evaluation of the protective role of Vitamin E against ROS-driven lipid oxidation in model cell membranes[J]. Antioxidants,2024,13(9):1135.
[26] Calderón-Ospina C A,Nava-Mesa M O B.Vitamins in the nervous system:Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine,pyridoxine,and cobalamin[J].CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,2020,26(1):5-13.
[27] Driessens F C M.The mineral in bone,dentin and tooth enamel[J].Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges,1980,89(8):663-689.
[28] Kao Y R,Chen J,Kumari R,et al.An iron rheostat controls hematopoietic stem cell fate[J].Cell Stem Cell,2024,31(3):378-397.
[29] Lee S R.Critical role of zinc as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant in cellular systems[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2018(2018):1-11.
[30] Hurley W L,Theil P K.Perspectives on immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk[J].Nutrients,2011,3(4):442-474.
[31] Zhu H L,Zhao X W,Wang X Z,et al.Changes in expression of antimicrobial peptides and Fc receptors in the small intestines of neonatal calves during the passive immunity period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(10):9515-9524.
[32] Castro-Dopico T,Clatworthy M R.IgG and Fcγ receptors in intestinal immunity and inflammation[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:805.
[33] McGrath B A,Fox P F,McSweeney P L H,et al.Composition and properties of bovine colostrum:A review[J].Dairy Science & Technology,2016,96(2):133-158.
[34] Abd El-Hack M E,Abdelnour S A,Kamal M,et al.Lactoferrin:Antimicrobial impacts,genomic guardian,therapeutic uses and clinical significance for humans and animals[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2023,164:114967.
[35] Legrand D,Elass E,Pierce A,et al.Lactoferrin and host defence: An overview of its immuno-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties[J]. Biometals,2004,17(3): 225-229.
[36] Ferraboschi P,Ciceri S,Grisenti P.Applications of lysozyme,an innate immune defense factor,as an alternative antibiotic[J].Antibiotics(Basel),2021,10(12):1534.
[37] Davis K M,Weiser J N.Modifications to the peptidoglycan backbone help bacteria to establish infection[J].Infection and Immunity,2010,79(2):562-570.
[38] Ragland S A,Criss A K.From bacterial killing to immune modulation:Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme[J].PLOS Pathogens,2017,13(9):e1006512.
[39] Fox P F,Kelly A L.Indigenous enzymes in milk:Overview and historical aspects—Part 2[J].International Dairy Journal,2006,16(6):517-532.
[40] Saarela M.Functional foods-Concept to product[M] Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing,2011.
[41] Trajkovska B,Kochoski L,Dimitrovska G,et al.Changes in the lactoferrin concentration in the bovine colostrum during postpartum period[J].Macedonian Veterinary Review,2022,45(2):177-185.
[42] Muller L D,Ellinger D K.Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations among breeds of dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1981,64(8):1727-1730.
[43] Kessler E C,Bruckmaier R M,Gross J J.Colostrum composition and immunoglobulin G content in dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds[J].Journal of Animal Science,2020,98(8):1-6.
[44] Erickson P S.Colostrum management:Keys to optimizing output and uptake of immunoglobulin G[J].Frontiers in Animal Science,2022,3:914361.
[45] Gao F,Liu Y C,Zhang Z H,et al.Effect of prepartum maternal energy density on the growth performance,immunity,and antioxidation capability of neonatal calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(8):4510-4518.
[46] Harmon R J,Schanbacher F L,Ferguson L C,et al.Changes in lactoferrin,immunoglobulin G,bovine serum albumin,and alpha-lactalbumin during acute experimental and natural coliform mastitis in cows[J].Infection and Immunity,1976,13(2):533-542.
[47] Morin D E,Constable P D,Maunsell F P,et al.Factors associated with colostral specific gravity in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(4):937-943.
[48] Erdem H,Okuyucu I C.Non-genetic factors affecting some colostrum quality traits in Holstein cattle[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2020,52(2):557.
[49] West J W.Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[50] Robbers L,Jorritsma R,Nielen M,et al.A scoping review of On-farm colostrum management Practices for Optimal Transfer of Immunity in Dairy Calves[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021,8,668639.
[51] Mann S,Curone G,Chandler T L,et al.Heat treatment of bovine colostrum:I. Effects on bacterial and somatic cell counts,immunoglobulin,insulin,and IGF-I concentrations,as well as the colostrum proteome[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(10):9368-9383.
[52] Wells J M,Gao Y,de Groot N,et al.Babies,bugs,and barriers:Dietary modulation of intestinal barrier function in early life[J].Annual review of nutrition,2022,42(1):165-200.
[53] 王煜林,吉日木图,何静.乳脂球膜中的营养成分在婴儿健康和发育中的作用[J].中国食品学报,2023,23(6):402-410.
[54] Gao X,Li Y,Olin A B,et al.Fortification with bovine colostrum enhances antibacterial activity of human milk[J].Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,2021,45(7):1417-1424.
[55] Rasmussen S O,Martin L,Østergaard M V,et al.Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth,digestive function,and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2016,311(3):G480-G491.
[56] Shen R L,Thymann T,Østergaard M V,et al.Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2015,309(5):G310-G323.
[57] Ebina T,Ohta M,Kanamaru Y,et al.Passive immunizations of suckling mice and infants with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus[J].Journal of Medical Virology,1992,38(2):117-123.
[58] Patel K,Rana R.Pedimune in recurrent respiratory infection and diarrhoea—The Indian experience—The PRIDE study[J].Indian Journal of Pediatrics,2006,73(7):585-591.
[59] Rodriguez L,Cervantes E,Ortiz R.Malnutrition and gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children:A public health problem[J].International journal of environmental research and public health,2011,8(4):1174-1205.
[60] Hałasa M,Skonieczna-Żydecka K,Machaliński B,et al.Six weeks of supplementation with bovine colostrum effectively reduces URTIs symptoms frequency and gravity for up to 20 weeks in pre-school children[J].Nutrients,2023,15(16):3626.
[61] Li J,Xu Y W,Jiang J J,et al.Bovine colostrum and product intervention associated with relief of childhood infectious diarrhea[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):3093.
[62] Oloroso-Chavez K Q,Gonzalez-Andaya P A M,Wong-Chuah C C.The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation in the management of respiratory allergies in children according to allergen sensitization:A subgroup analysis from the results of a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial[J]. Philippine Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology,2022,22(1):1-11.
[63] Bourke C D,Berkley J A,Prendergast A J.Immune dysfunction as a cause and consequence of malnutrition[J].Trends in Immunology,2016,37(6):386-398.
[64] Gleeson M.Immune function in sport and exercise[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2007,103(2):693-699.
[65] Morey J N,Boggero I A,Scott A B,et al.Current directions in stress and human immune function[J].Current Opinion in Psychology,2015,5:13-17.
[66] Shing C M,Peake J,Suzuki K,et al.Effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on immune variables in highly trained cyclists[J].Journal of applied physiology,2007,102(3):1113-1122.
[67] Jones A W,March D S,Thatcher R,et al.The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on in vivo immunity following prolonged exercise:A randomised controlled trial[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2019,58(1):335-344.
[68] Shao T,Verma H K,Pande B,et al.Physical activity and nutritional influence on immune function:An important strategy to improve immunity and health status[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2021,12:751374.
[69] Goyani P,Christodoulou R,Vassiliou E.Immunosenescence:Aging and immune system decline[J].Vaccines,2024,12(12):1314.
[70] Zitvogel L,Kroemer G.Boosting the immunotherapy response by nutritional interventions[J].The journal of clinical investigation,2022,132(11):1-3.
[71] Ghosh S,Iacucci M.Diverse immune effects of bovine colostrum and benefits in human health and disease[J].Nutrients,2021,13(11):3798.
[72] Ooi T C,Ahmad A,Rajab N F,et al.The effects of 12 weeks colostrum milk supplementation on the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and metabolic changes among older adults:Findings from the biomarkers and untargeted metabolomic analysis[J].Nutrients,2023,15(14):3184.
[73] Ooi T C,Ahmad A,Rajab N F,et al.Effects of 12 weeks colostrum milk supplement among older adults:A randomised,double-blind and placebo-controlled trial[J].International Dairy Journal,2024,149:105819.
[74] 中国乳制品工业协会.RHB 601—2005 生鲜牛初乳[S].
[75] 中国乳制品工业协会.RHB 602—2005 牛初乳粉[S].
[76] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB28050—2011 食品安全国家标准预包装食品营养标签通则[S].
[77] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局.GB12693—2023 乳制品良好生产规范[S].

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed