中国乳业 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 100-105.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.26.06.12

• 繁殖育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

奶牛同期发情-定时输精技术在规模牧场的实践效果分析

曹荣昌1, 杨光鑫2, 李金海2, 杨晓伟2, 周群1,*   

  1. 1.大理农林职业技术学院,云南大理 671003;
    2.鹤庆县现代农业庄园有限公司,云南鹤庆 671500
  • 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-22
  • 通讯作者: *周 群（1994-）,女,福建南平县人,硕士,助教,研究方向为基础兽医学。
  • 作者简介:曹荣昌（1990-）,男,云南南涧县人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为奶牛生产技术;杨光鑫（2000-）,男,云南巍山县人,彝族,专科,研究方向奶牛扩繁技术;李金海（1989-）,男,云南洱源县人,白族,专科,助理兽医师,研究方向为奶牛繁殖技术;杨晓伟（1990-）,男,云南剑川县人,白族,本科,兽医师,研究方向为奶牛疾病防治。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年云南省教育厅科学研究资金项目（2022J1650）

Analysis on the Practical Effects of Synchronized Estrus-timed Artificial Insemination Technology in Large-scale Dairy Farms

CAO Rongchang1, YANG Guangxin2, LI Jinhai2, YANG Xiaowei2, ZHOU Qun1,*   

  1. 1. Dali Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry,Yunnan Dali 671003;
    2. Heqing Modern Agricultural Manor Co.,Ltd.,Yunnan Heqing 671500
  • Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-22

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摘要： [目的] 规模化奶牛养殖快速发展,传统发情鉴定模式效率偏低,同期发情-定时输精技术成为牧场提升繁殖管理水平的重要手段之一,在国内各大牧场得到广泛应用。[方法] 本试验以云南某规模化荷斯坦牛场泌乳牛为对象,采用双同期方案、自然发情配种、空怀母牛再同期方案三种模式处理,全年按月统计参配数量、受孕数量及受胎率,运用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据统计分析。[结果] 自然发情组平均受胎率为50.63%,双同期组为 47.04%,两组差异不显著（P>0.05）;空怀母牛再同期组受胎率仅33.15%,极显著低于前两组（P<0.01）。受转群、热应激等因素影响,牧场冬春交替、盛夏阶段的牛群整体受胎率出现明显下降。[结论] 双同期发情-定时输精技术可实现100%参配率,综合应用效果接近自然发情配种,适合在云南高原规模化奶牛场推广;空怀母牛繁殖障碍问题突出,仅依靠同期技术难以彻底解决,需配套强化产后护理、生殖疾病防控与环境管控。

关键词: 奶牛, 规模牧场, 同期发情, 双同期, 定时输精, 受胎率

Abstract: [Objective] With the rapid development of large-scale dairy farming,the traditional estrus identification method can no longer meet the production demands. Synchronized estrus-timed artificial insemination technology has been widely popularized to improve the reproductive management efficiency of dairy farms.[Method] Lactating Holstein cows from a large-scale dairy farm in Yunnan were selected as experimental animals. Three treatment groups were set up,including double synchronization group,natural estrus group and resynchronization group for open cows. The number of mated cows,pregnant cows and conception rate were recorded monthly throughout the year,and all data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0.[Result] The average conception rate of the natural estrus group was 50.63%,and that of the double synchronization group was 47.04%,with no significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. The conception rate of open cows in resynchronization group was only 33.15%,which was extremely significantly lower than the other two groups （P<0.01）. Due to herd transfer and heat stress,the overall conception rate decreased obviously in late winter,early spring and summer.[Conclusion] The double synchronization technology can achieve 100% mating rate,and its comprehensive effect is equivalent to natural estrus mating,which is suitable for large-scale dairy farms in Yunnan plateau area. Reproductive disorders of open cows are serious and cannot be solved merely by estrus synchronization. It is necessary to strengthen postpartum care,reproductive disease prevention and environmental management in daily production.

Key words: cows, large-scale dairy farm, synchronized estrus, double synchronization, timed artificial insemination, pregnancy rate

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