热应激对奶牛繁殖性能的影响及综合调控

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.06.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文综述热应激影响奶牛繁殖性能的内在机制、科学评估方法及综合缓解策略。深入剖析了热应激通过诱导氧化应激、扰乱内分泌稳态、损害卵母细胞质量与胚胎发育及干扰表观遗传编程等多重路径损害繁殖力的生理与分子机制;探讨了基于温湿指数、生理指标（如直肠温度、呼吸频率）及行为变化的热应激评估体系,并分析了其与受胎率、产后首次排卵间隔等关键繁殖性能的关联;综合评述了当前通过遗传选择、精准营养调控、环境改善以及新兴生物技术缓解热应激负面影响的研究进展与潜力,为牧场构建高效热应激应对体系、提升奶牛繁殖效率提供理论依据与实践指导。

关键词: 热应激, 奶牛, 繁殖性能, 温湿指数, 氧化应激, 表观遗传, 缓解策略

Abstract: This paper reviewed the intrinsic mechanisms through which heat stress affected reproductive performance in dairy cows,scientific assessment methods,and integrated mitigation strategies.It provided an in-depth analysis of the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which heat stress impairs fertility through multiple pathways,including inducing oxidative stress,disrupting endocrine homeostasis,impairing oocyte quality and embryonic development,and interfering with epigenetic programming.The paper explored heat stress assessment systems based on the temperature-humidity index,physiological indicators （such as rectal temperature and respiratory rate）,and behavioral changes,and analyzed their associations with key reproductive traits such as conception rate and the interval to first postpartum ovulation.It comprehensively reviewed current research progress and the potential of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress,including genetic selection,precise nutritional regulation,environmental improvements,and emerging biotechnologies,offering theoretical foundations and practical guidance for dairy farms to establish efficient heat stress response systems and enhance reproductive efficiency.

Key words: heat stress, dairy cow, reproductive performance, temperature-humidity index, oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitigation strategy

艾合买提·买买提. 热应激对奶牛繁殖性能的影响及综合调控[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(6): 57-64.

Aihemati Maimaiti. Impact of Heat Stress on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows and Integrated Mitigation Strategies[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(6): 57-64.

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