反刍动物饲养中抗生素替代型添加剂的现状与应用前景

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.07.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球抗生素耐药性问题促使反刍动物养殖行业加速寻找抗生素替代方案。本文回顾了益生菌、酶制剂、植物提取物、酸化剂及噬菌体等替代添加剂在反刍动物中的研究进展,分析其对瘤胃发酵、生长性能、免疫调控及畜产品品质的影响。合理使用上述添加剂可调节瘤胃微生态、提高饲料利用率、增强动物抗病能力,其中植物提取物在改善乳肉品质方面报道较多,益生菌在缓解断奶应激和减少腹泻方面有一定证据支持。但目前研究仍存在作用机制不够清楚、瘤胃环境下活性不稳定、添加剂量未标准化及成本偏高等问题。本文认为,后续研究可借助多组学技术与实时监测手段,探索从单一替代向协同增效方向发展的精准营养策略,为反刍动物绿色养殖提供参考。

关键词: 抗生素替代, 反刍动物, 益生菌, 植物提取物, 瘤胃发酵, 绿色养殖

Abstract: The global issue of antibiotic resistance has prompted the ruminant farming industry to accelerate the search for alternative solutions to antibiotics. This paper reviewed the research progress of alternative additives such as probiotics,enzyme preparations,plant extracts,acidifiers,and bacteriophages in ruminants,and analyzed their effects on rumen fermentation,growth performance,immune regulation,and livestock product quality. The rational use of these additives can regulate the rumen microbiota,improve feed utilization,and enhance animal disease resistance. Among them,plant extracts have been reported extensively for improving milk and meat quality,and probiotics have some evidence supporting their role in alleviating weaning stress and reducing diarrhea. However,current research still faces challenges such as unclear mechanisms of action,instability of activity in the rumen environment,non-standardized dosages,and high costs. This paper suggested that future research could utilize multi-omics technology and real-time monitoring methods to explore precision nutrition strategies that move from single substitution to synergistic enhancement,providing a reference for green ruminant farming.

Key words: antibiotic substitution, ruminant animals, probiotics plant extract, rumen fermentation, green farming

王礞礞, 张超, 田园, 王晶. 反刍动物饲养中抗生素替代型添加剂的现状与应用前景[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(7): 33-39.

WANG Mengmeng, ZHANG Chao, TIAN Yuan, WANG Jing. The Current Status and Application Prospects of Antibiotic Alternative Additives in Ruminant Feeding[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(7): 33-39.

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