植物精油对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控与甲烷减排作用

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.07.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在反刍动物中,甲烷（CH₄）是最主要的温室气体来源,由瘤胃发酵自然产生,导致大量营养能量流失。精油是由萜烯类和苯丙素类等挥发性脂溶性化合物组成的复杂混合物,具有抗菌、抗氧化及抗炎特性,在改善瘤胃发酵的同时,也展现出应对CH₄排放这一紧迫挑战的巨大潜力,已成为调控瘤胃发酵和减排CH₄的天然饲料添加剂。本综述系统梳理了近年来植物精油在调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵、降低CH₄排放领域的研究进展,归纳分析精油减少CH₄生成的多种作用机制,阐述肠道CH₄生成途径,总结不同种类植物精油在实际养殖中的应用效果差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行展望,以期为植物精油作为天然低碳饲料添加剂在反刍动物养殖中的产业化应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 植物精油, 反刍动物, 瘤胃发酵, 甲烷减排

Abstract: Among ruminants,methane is the primary source of greenhouse gases,naturally produced through rumen fermentation,leading to significant loss of nutrients and energy. Essential oils are complex mixtures composed of volatile lipid-soluble compounds such as terpenes and phenylpropanoids,exhibiting antibacterial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties. While enhancing rumen fermentation,they demonstrate substantial potential in addressing the pressing challenge of methane emission reduction,making them promising natural feed additives for regulating rumen fermentation and lowering methane emissions. This review systematically summarized recent research advancements on plant essential oils in modulating ruminant rumen fermentation and reducing methane emissions,analyzed multiple mechanisms by which essential oils suppress methane production,elucidated intestinal methane generation pathways,compared application efficacy of different essential oil types in practical livestock farming,and outlined future research directions,aiming to provide theoretical foundations for the industrial application of plant essential oils as low-carbon feed additives in ruminant husbandry.

Key words: plant essential oils, ruminants, rumen fermentation, methane reduction

黄聪聪, 李爱红. 植物精油对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控与甲烷减排作用[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(7): 48-54.

HUANG Congcong, LI Aihong. Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Rumen Fermentation Regulation and Methane Mitigation in Ruminants[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(7): 48-54.

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