牛至精油在反刍动物生产中的应用效果与研究综述

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.07.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 抗生素耐药性问题持续加剧,促使全球畜牧业加快寻找安全、天然的饲料替代添加剂。牛至精油（OEO）提取自牛至植物,其主要活性成分香芹酚和百里香酚,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化及促进生长等多种生物学功能。目前,OEO在反刍动物养殖中的研究已取得阶段性成果,但关于其对瘤胃微生态、甲烷生成、养分利用率及动物健康的影响,学界尚存分歧。现有文献多以体外试验和短期饲养试验为主,长期投喂效果、组织残留风险及剂量—效应关系等方面的数据仍然不足。本文系统整理了近年来国内外有关OEO在牛、羊等反刍动物中应用的研究报道,涵盖瘤胃发酵调控、病原菌抑制、免疫应答调节及肉奶品质改善等主要方向,并对其可能产生的不良反应加以讨论,以期为OEO作为抗生素替代品在反刍动物绿色养殖中的合理使用提供理论参考。

关键词: 牛至精油, 反刍动物, 瘤胃发酵, 抗菌活性, 生产性能, 免疫调节

Abstract: The escalating issue of antibiotic resistance has compelled the global livestock industry to accelerate the search for safe and natural alternative feed additives. Oregano essential oil （OEO）,extracted from the oregano plant,possesses multiple biological functions,including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and growth-promoting activities,primarily attributed to its main active components,carvacrol and thymol. To date,research on OEO in ruminant production has achieved preliminary results;however,there remains academic disagreement regarding its effects on ruminal microecology,methanogenesis,nutrient utilization,and animal health. The existing literature is predominantly based on in vitro experiments and short-term feeding trials,with insufficient data on long-term feeding effects,tissue residue risks,and dose-response relationships. This paper systematically reviewed recent domestic and international research reports on the application of OEO in ruminants such as cattle and sheep,covering major aspects including ruminal fermentation regulation,pathogen inhibition,immune response modulation,and meat and milk quality improvement,while also discussing its potential adverse effects. On this basis,this review provided a theoretical reference for the rational use of OEO as an antibiotic alternative in green ruminant production.

Key words: oregano essential oil, ruminants, ruminal fermentation, antibacterial activity, production performance, immunomodulation

马志强, 马荣正, 姜世俞, 王海燕, 韩潮远, 杜浩然, 初颖. 牛至精油在反刍动物生产中的应用效果与研究综述[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(7): 40-47.

MA Zhiqiang, MA Rongzheng, JIANG Shiyu, WANG Haiyan, HAN Chaoyuan, DU Haoran, CHU Ying. Review on the Application Effects and Research of Oregano Essential Oil in Ruminant Production[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(7): 40-47.

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