植物提取物对奶牛瘤胃微生态的调控

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.07.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着奶业减抗替抗、绿色养殖和低碳生产理念的推进,植物提取物作为天然功能性饲料添加剂,在奶牛健康养殖中的应用受到广泛关注。植物提取物富含精油、黄酮、多酚、单宁、皂苷和生物碱等活性成分,可通过调节瘤胃微生物区系和发酵模式,影响奶牛营养物质利用、生产性能和甲烷排放。本文综述了植物提取物调控奶牛瘤胃功能的研究基础,重点分析其对产甲烷古菌、原虫、纤维降解菌、底物利用相关菌群及微生物互作网络的影响,并进一步阐明其在甲烷生成、氢流分配、挥发性脂肪酸生成和瘤胃发酵效率调控中的作用,为植物提取物在奶牛绿色健康养殖和低碳奶业发展中的科学应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 植物提取物, 奶牛, 瘤胃微生态, 瘤胃发酵, 挥发性脂肪酸, 甲烷减排

Abstract: With the advancement of antibiotic reduction and replacement,green farming,and low-carbon production in the dairy industry,plant extracts have attracted increasing attention as natural functional feed additives in healthy dairy cow production. Plant extracts are rich in bioactive compounds,including essential oils,flavonoids,polyphenols,tannins,saponins,and alkaloids,which can regulate rumen microbial communities and fermentation patterns,thereby affecting nutrient utilization,productive performance,and methane emissions in dairy cows. This review summarized the research basis of plant extracts in regulating rumen function in dairy cows,with emphasis on their effects on methanogenic archaea,protozoa,fiber-degrading bacteria,substrate-utilizing bacterial groups,and microbial interaction networks. Furthermore,the roles of plant extracts in methane formation,hydrogen flow partitioning,volatile fatty acid production,and overall rumen fermentation efficiency are discussed. This review provided technical support for the scientific application of plant extracts in green and healthy dairy cow production and low-carbon dairy development.

Key words: plant extracts, dairy cows, rumen microecology, rumen fermentation, volatile fatty acids, methane mitigation

薛春胜, 马燕芬. 植物提取物对奶牛瘤胃微生态的调控[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(7): 10-18.

XUE Chunsheng, MA Yanfen. Regulatory Effects of Plant Extracts on Rumen Microecology in Dairy Cows[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(7): 10-18.

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